Among the conditions of the treaty of Hudaibiyah was that any of the tribes of Arabia could sign treaties with either of the parties i.e. with Muslims or the Quraish of Makkah. Thus, Banu Bakr sided with the Quraish and Banu Khaza’a with the Muslims.
There was a very strong enmity between these 2 tribes. Thus, Banu Bakr with the help of the Quraish, attacked Banu Khaza’a. The Quraish of Makkah supplied men and weapons for this. Thus, the treaty of Hudaibiyah was broken by the Quraish themselves. Banu Khaza’a came to the Holy Prophet Mohammed ﷺ and requested His help. The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) peacefully sent 3 conditions to the Quraish and asked them to accept any one of them.
1. Pay the blood money of those were killed from Banu Khaza’a.
2. Quraish stop supporting Banu Bakr.
3. Quraish declare that the Treaty of Hudaibiyah is terminated.
The Quraish accepted the 3rd condition that the Treaty of Hudaibiyah is terminated. They declared this, but later on realized what it meant and persuaded Abu Sufyan to go to Madina and renew the treaty. Abu Sufyan came to Madina, but could not get the treaty renewed and returned back empty-handed.
Then the Prophet Mohammed ﷺ gave the order of Jihad and ordered the Sahabah to make preparations. However, Mohammed ﷺ did not tell anyone, even Hadhrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (May Allah be well pleased with him) where they were going to go. This was with the intention of keeping this news secret.
Hadhrat Hatib (May Allah be well pleased with him) wrote a letter to the Quraish in which the secret preparations were revealed. He sent this letter to Makkah by a woman. The Prophet Mohammed ﷺ is the one who has been granted the knowledge about every grain of sand in the universe. Not only the earthly worlds, but even the heavenly worlds are not hidden from His sight. The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) has already described everything that will happen until the Qiyamah. How can this small thing be hidden from Him? He (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) sent Hadhrat Ali, Hadhrat Zubair and Hadhrat Miqdad (May Allah be well pleased with them) and told them at a place called Rauza Khaakh, you will find a woman who has a letter. Bring that letter to me. They went there and found it as the Prophet Mohammed ﷺ had said.
The Holy Prophet Mohammed ﷺ summoned Hadhrat Hatib (May Allah be well pleased with him) and asked him about this. He said that he had not left Islam or sided with the Quraish. His only intention through this was to make the Quraish treat his relatives, who were in Makkah, kindly. The Holy Prophet ﷺ accepted his excuse and forgave him.
Leaving for Makkah:
On the 10th of Ramadhan, the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) started for Makkah with an army of 10,000. On the way 2,000 people joined the army and the army of 12,000 kept covering leagues and nearing Makkah. Hadhrat Abbas (May Allah be well pleased with him) also joined the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) on the way. At a certain place, the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) asked the whole army to stop. The Holy Prophet Mohammed ﷺordered that each person should light his own fire and prepare his own food. When the army of 12,000 lit their own fires, only fire could be seen in the whole expanse of that area.
The Quraish had learnt that the Muslims had started from Madina. They did not expect them to reach Makkah so early. They sent out Abu Sufyan and 2 other persons to investigate. They saw the fire and stopped. Hadhrat Abbas (May Allah be well pleased with him) was going to warn the Quraish that if they come out and beg for peace before the army reaches Makkah, it will be better for them. He met Abu Sufyan and took him to the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam). Abu Sufyan was the one who had fought 2 battles, Badr and Uhud against the Muslims. He had provoked the Arabs against Muslims. He had conspired to the martyr the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam). In spite of all this, the Mercy for the worlds, the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) forgave and pardoned him. Then He (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) asked Hadhrat Abbas (May Allah be well pleased with him) to take him atop a mountain and show him the army.
On 20th Ramadhan Ul Mubarak, the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) entered Makkah. He sent Hadhrat Zubair (May Allah be well pleased with him) to enter from one side and Hadhrat Khalid Bin Walid (May Allah be well pleased with him) to enter from another side. He (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) warned both of them not to start a fight and to fight only those who attacked them. Banu Harith, Hudhail and some other tribes of Quraish attacked Hadhrat Khalid Bin Walid (May Allah be well pleased with him) and he defended against their attack and defeated them. 2 Muslims were martyred and some 20, 22 Quraish were killed.
General pardon for all:
The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) and his followers were troubled by the Quraish for so many years to the point. Right from the declaration of Prophethood to Hijrah and after that. They had troubled Muslims, fought wars against them. Time and again they conspired to martyr the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam). When the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) had these blood-thirsty enemies at His mercy, He (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) gave an order full of mercy and benevolence. He (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) said: Today you are free. This day is the day to show mercy.
When human beings take the reins of rule in their hands, they fail to differentiate between justice and oppression. All their victories are with the bloodshed of the defeated. The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) said: This is a day of being merciful. He (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) said:
1. The person who surrenders his weapons will be in peace.
2. The person who closes the door of his house will be in peace.
3. The person who enters the Ka’aba will be in peace.
4. The person who enters the house of Abu Sufyan will be in peace.
5. The person who enters the house of Hadhrat Umme Haani (May Allah be well pleased with her) will be in peace.
However, for those who had insulted the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam), there is no peace. They were all ordered to be killed. About one of them, the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) said: Kill him, even if he is clinging to the curtains of the Ka’aba. Thus, all of them were killed.
Then the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) entered the Haram on His camel. Hadhrat Usama (May Allah be well pleased with him) was seated behind Him. Hadhrat Bilal and the key-holder of the Ka’aba, Hadhrat Uthman Bin Talha (May Allah be well pleased with them) were with Him. He made His camel in the Haram and performed Tawaf of the Ka’aba. He (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) entered the Ka’aba and recited the verse: “Ja Al Haqq Wa Zahaqal Batil Innal Batila Kana Zahuqa”. There were 360 idols in the Ka’aba. The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) cleaned the Ka’aba of them and Hadhrat Bilal climbed on the top of the Ka’aba and gave the Adhaan. Thus, after a long time, the Adhaan of Hadhrat Bilal sounded in Makkah and the atmosphere came alive with the declaration of Tauhid of Allah Ta’ala and the Prophethood of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam)
Refernce Link : www.ziaislamic.com/english/news1descr1.php?ids=589&&key=food
